| [Copyright]
updated 13-OCT-1998 by Nathan Urban
updated 15-OCT-1997 by
PEG
updated 9-OCT-1996 by PEG
updated 12-OCT-1994 by SIC
original
by Scott I. Chase
The Nobel Prize for
Physics (1901-1998)
The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards,
from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date
in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the
names is an abbreviation of the official citation.
The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October
each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the
Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se/.
1901 [1895] Wilhelm Konrad
Röntgen
X-rays
1902 [1896] Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
Magnetism in radiation phenomena
Pieter Zeeman
1903 [1896] Antoine Henri Bequerel
Spontaneous radioactivity
[1898] Pierre
Curie
Marie Sklodowska-Curie
1904 [1894] Lord Rayleigh
Density of gases and
(a.k.a. John William Strutt)
discovery of
argon
1905 [1899] Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
Cathode rays
1906 [1897] Joseph John Thomson
Conduction of electricity by gases
1907
Albert Abraham
Michelson Precision
meteorological investigations
1908
Gabriel Lippman
Reproducing colors photographically
based on the phenomenon of interference
1909 [1901] Guglielmo
Marconi
Wireless telegraphy
Carl Ferdinand Braun
1910 [1873] Johannes Diderik van der
Waals Equation of state of fluids
1911 [1896]
Wilhelm Wien
Laws of radiation of heat
1912 [1909] Nils Gustaf Dalén
Automatic gas flow regulators
1913 [1911] Heike Kamerlingh
Onnes
Matter at low temperature
1914 [1912] Max von Laue
Crystal diffraction of X-rays
1915 [1913] William Henry Bragg
X-ray analysis of crystal structure
William Lawrence Bragg
1916
No Award
1917 [1911] Charles Glover Barkla
Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements
1918 [1900] Max Planck
Energy quanta
1919 [1913] Johannes Stark
Splitting of spectral lines in E fields
1920
Charles-Edouard Guillaume
Anomalies in nickel steel alloys
1921 [1905] Albert Einstein
Photoelectric Effect
1922 [1913] Niels Bohr
Structure of atoms
1923 [1909] Robert Andrew Millikan
Elementary charge of electricity
1924
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn X-ray
spectroscopy
1925 [1914] James Franck
Impact of an electron upon an atom
Gustav Hertz
1926
Jean Baptiste Perrin
Sedimentation equilibrium
1927 [1924] Arthur Holly Compton
Compton effect
[1912] Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Invention of the
Cloud chamber
1928 [1903] Owen Willans Richardson
Thermionic
phenomena, Richardson's Law
1929 [1923] Prince Louis-Victor de
Broglie Wave nature of electrons
1930 [1928] Sir
Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Scattering of light,
Raman effect
1931
No Award
1932 [1925] Werner Heisenberg
Quantum Mechanics
1933 [1926] Erwin Schrödinger
Atomic theory
[1928] Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
1934
No Award
1935 [1932] James Chadwick
The neutron
1936 [1911] Victor Franz Hess
Cosmic rays
[1932] Carl D. Anderson
The positron
1937 [1925] Clinton Joseph Davisson
Crystal
diffraction of electrons
George Paget Thomson
1938 [1935] Enrico Fermi
New radioactive elements
1939 [1929] Ernest Orlando Lawrence
Invention of the Cyclotron
1940
No Award
1941
No Award
1942
No Award
1943 [1933] Otto Stern
Proton magnetic moment
1944 [1935] Isador Isaac Rabi
Magnetic resonance in atomic nuclei
1945 [1924] Wolfgang Pauli
The Exclusion principle
1946 [1925] Percy Williams Bridgman
Production of extremely
high pressures
1947 [1924] Sir Edward Victor
Appleton Physics of the upper atmosphere
1948
[1932] Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Cosmic ray showers in cloud
chambers
1949 [1935] Hideki Yukawa
Prediction of Mesons
1950 [1947] Cecil Frank Powell
Photographic emulsion for meson studies
1951 [1932] Sir John
Douglas Cockroft Artificial acceleration
of atomic
Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton particles and transmutation of
nuclei
1952 [1946] Felix Bloch
Nuclear magnetic precision methods
Edward Mills Purcell
1953 [1935] Frits Zernike
Phase-contrast microscope
1954 [1926] Max Born
Fundamental research in QM
[1925] Walther
Bothe
Coincidence counters
1955 [1947] Willis Eugene Lamb
Hydrogen fine structure
[1947] Polykarp
Kusch
Electron magnetic moment
1956 [1948] William Shockley
Transistors
John Bardeen
Walter Houser Brattain
1957 [1956] Chen Ning Yang
Parity violation
Tsung Dao Lee
1958 [1934] Pavel Aleksejevic
Cerenkov Interpretation of the Cerenkov effect
[1937] Il'ja
Mickajlovic Frank
Igor' Evgen'evic Tamm
1959 [1955] Emilio Gino Segre
The Antiproton
Owen Chamberlain
1960 [1952] Donald Arthur
Glaser
The Bubble Chamber
1961 [1953] Robert Hofstadter
Electron scattering on nucleons
Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer Resonant absorption
of photons
1962 [1941] Lev Davidovic Landau
Theory of liquid
helium
1963 [1931] Eugene P. Wigner
Fundamental symmetry principles
[1949] Maria
Goeppert Mayer Nuclear
shell structure
J. Hans D. Jensen
1964 [1958] Charles H. Townes
Maser-Laser principle
Nikolai G. Basov
Alexander M. Prochorov
1965 [1948] Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
Quantum electrodynamics
Julian Schwinger
Richard P. Feynman
1966 [1950] Alfred Kastler
Study of Hertzian resonance in atoms
1967 [1938] Hans Albrecht
Bethe
Energy production in stars
1968 [1955] Luis W. Alvarez
Discovery of many particle resonances
1969 [1964] Murray
Gell-Mann
Quark model for particle classification
1970 [1942] Hannes
Alfvén
Magneto-hydrodynamics in plasma physics
[1932] Louis
Néel
Antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism
1971 [1947] Dennis Gabor
Principles of holography
1972 [1957] John Bardeen
Theory of superconductivity
Leon N. Cooper
J. Robert Schrieffer
1973 [1960] Leo Esaki
Tunneling in superconductors
Ivar Giaever
[1962] Brian D. Josephson
Super-current through tunnel barriers
1974 [1974] Antony Hewish
Discovery of pulsars
[1958] Sir Martin Ryle
Pioneering radioastronomy work
1975 [1950] Aage Bohr
Structure of the atomic nucleus
Ben Mottelson
James Rainwater
1976 [1974] Burton Richter
Discovery of the J/Psi particle
Samual Chao Chung Ting
1977 [1958] Philip Warren
Anderson Electronic structure of magnetic and
[1967] Nevill
Francis Mott
disordered solids
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
1978 [1932] Pyotr Kapitsa
Liquefaction of helium
[1965] Arno A.
Penzias
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Robert W. Wilson
1979 [1961] Sheldon Glashow
Electroweak Theory, especially
[1967] Steven
Weinberg
Weak neutral currents
[1968] Abdus Salam
1980 [1964] James Cronin
Discovery of CP violation in the
Val Fitch
asymmetric decay of neutral K-mesons
1981
Kai M. Seigbahn
High resolution electron spectroscopy
[1962] Nicolaas
Bloembergen Laser spectroscopy
Arthur L. Schawlow
1982 [1972] Kenneth G. Wilson
Critical
phenomena in phase transitions
1983 [1935] Subrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar Evolution of stars
[1957] William A.
Fowler
1984 [1983] Carlo Rubbia
Discovery of W,Z
[1970] Simon van der Meer
Stochastic cooling for
colliders
1985 [1977] Klaus von Klitzing
Discovery of (integer) quantum Hall effect
1986 [1981] Gerd
Binnig
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Heinrich Rohrer
[1932] Ernst August Friedrich Ruska Electron
microscopy
1987 [1986] Georg Bednorz
High-temperature superconductivity
Alex K. Müller
1988 [1962] Leon Max Lederman
Discovery of the muon
neutrino leading
Melvin Schwartz
to classification of particles in
Jack Steinberger
families
1989
Hans Georg Dehmelt
Penning Trap for charged particles
Wolfgang Paul
Paul Trap for charged particles
Norman F.
Ramsey
Control of atomic transitions by the
separated oscillatory fields method
1990 [1972] Jerome Isaac
Friedman Deep inelastic scattering
experiments
Henry Way Kendall
leading to the discovery of quarks
Richard Edward Taylor
1991
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Order-disorder transitions in
liquid
crystals and polymers
1992
Georges Charpak
Multiwire Proportional Chamber
1993 [1974] Russell A. Hulse
Discovery of the first binary pulsar
Joseph H. Taylor
and subsequent tests of GR
1994 [1960] Bertram N.
Brockhouse Neutron scattering experiments
[1946] Clifford G.
Shull
1995 [1975] Martin L. Perl
Discovery of the tau lepton
[1953] Frederick
Reines
Detection of the neutrino
1996
David M. Lee
Superfluidity in Helium-3
Douglas D. Osheroff
Robert C. Richardson
1997 [1985] Steven Chu
Development of methods to cool
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and trap atoms with laser light
William D. Phillips
1998 [1982] Robert B. Laughlin
Discovery and theory of the
Horst L. Störmer
fractional quantum Hall effect
Daniel C. Tsui
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